Lyme Disease

Contraction

Lyme disease is contracted from ticks, which are found in the woods or on hosts such as dogs or cows. The tick, which can be as small as the head of a pin, imbeds itself into the skin of the human and infects the blood. It stays on the skin for up to 36 hours and the bacteria that causes Lyme disease is released from the tick into the human. Risks of infection are higher in certain areas, particularly the east coast of the United States or in California. Also at risk are people with outdoor jobs such as landscaping or lumberjacking, or those who enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking.

Symptoms

Lyme disease may be hard to detect because a rash does not always occur. More common, however, is a rash in the shape of a bull’s eye, with darker reds occurring directly around the tick bite and lighter reds circling outwards. Other symptoms can include migraine headaches, fatigue, fevers and pain in muscles and joints. These symptoms usually show up 14 to 30 days after the initial tick bite. If these symptoms are not recognized, the disease can progress into symptoms such as arthritis and irregular heartbeat.

Spread of the Disease

Not all ticks are infected with Lyme disease. However, ticks are not the only creatures capable of spreading it. It is also spread by animals, including dogs, rodents such as squirrels, and farm animals. It is a wise idea to brush off any pets when they are returning from outdoors or before contacting them.  

Prevention

If you must be in an area that attracts ticks, there are preventative measures that you can take. First, know the type of environment ticks enjoy and inhabit. These include damp, mossy areas, often in the woods. Wearing light-colored clothing is recommended because ticks are easier to spot on white clothing. Tuck shirts into pants and pants into socks (or boots) so there is a lesser chance of ticks reaching the skin. Finally, check for ticks on the skin at the end of each day while in a tick-infested area. If a tick is found, remove it with tweezers, and take medication as soon as possible.

Medications

Doctors can prescribe medications for individuals with Lyme disease. Like many drugs, these medications are most beneficial when started soon after contraction of the disease. However, Lyme disease is almost always treatable in later stages, as well.